Toad's Disease in Horses: A Condition at the Crossroads of Hypotheses

Thrush in horses, or chronic hypertrophic pododermatitis, continues to intrigue researchers and equine practitioners due to its complexity. Although several hypotheses have been put forward, an autoimmune origin seems to be gaining ground in understanding this condition. In this article, we explore the different facets of this disease, the differences between thrush and canker, and the anatomical peculiarities often affected. For the complete treatment protocol, consult our dedicated thrush page.

Thrush vs. Canker: Two Entities to Differentiate

It is important to distinguish thrush from canker, although these two terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Thrush affects the frog of the foot and can extend to adjacent structures, characterized by an abnormal proliferation of malodorous and painful tissue. Canker is more localized, generally affecting the central part of the frog and appears to be a less progressive form.

An Autoimmune Disease: Origin and Consequences

The idea of an autoimmune origin is based on several observations: recurrence (thrush tends to reappear even after treatment), bilateral localization (often affects several limbs simultaneously), and response to corticosteroids (immunosuppressive treatments show some effectiveness).

Other Hypotheses

• Tumoral hypothesis: similarities with equine sarcoids, bovine papillomavirus detected in some lesions, cisplatin treatments with promising results
• Infectious origin: bacterial or fungal infection by anaerobic agents, but the absence of contagiousness between horses weakens this theory

Why are Ergots, Chestnuts, and Periople Sometimes Affected?

• Ergots: rich in soft tissue and blood capillaries, prime targets for autoimmune inflammatory reactions
• Chestnuts: vestigial cutaneous structures with a unique composition of keratinized tissues
• Periople: thin protective layer of the coronary band, often attacked, resulting in desquamation and inflammation

Boosting Immunity: A Mistake?

In the context of an autoimmune hypothesis, stimulating the immune system can be counterproductive. The use of corticosteroids or immunomodulators is favored to calm inflammation. Natural solutions are now offered through ozone. It is also essential to maintain rigorous hygiene to prevent secondary infections.

Interest in Using Ozone

• Gaseous ozone: penetrates deeply into tissues and hard-to-reach areas, antimicrobial properties reduce the risk of secondary infections
• Ozonated oils: prolonged action, promote healing and soothe inflammation while maintaining a protective barrier
• Anti-inflammatory role: an interesting alternative to corticosteroids, calms inflammation and stimulates tissue regeneration

Treatments and Perspectives

Current protocols include: local care (sanitation and healing of lesions with ozonated oils), systemic interventions (medications to regulate the immune response if recommended by the veterinarian), use of ozone (combination of gaseous ozone + ozonated oils), and close monitoring.

Conclusion

Thrush in horses remains a challenge for equine practitioners. The autoimmune hypothesis, combined with other theories, opens up interesting avenues. The use of ozone, in both its gaseous and oil forms, represents a promising advance for the control and treatment of this complex condition. By early identification of affected areas and adapting care, it is possible to improve the quality of life of affected horses.